CONSTRUCTION MACHINE

TOTAL STATION – TOPOCON | SOKKIA | FOCUS | NIKON | LEICA

What is total station?

The total station is an electronic device used in surveying of Land for the purpose of construction of building, bridge, hydroelectric project and development of other infrastructure .it is advance version of theodolite and electronic theodolite. it can measure distance between two points in few click with the feature of EDM ( Electronic DistanceMeter) . it has Data collection ,Data storage ,microprocessor , display and data transfer system .

TOTAL STATION

The General part total station.

Some of the total station required prism (reflector) which reflating  value is entered in the total station system but some of the advance total station has ability to reflect through different materials like steel, glass, wood and water. Similarly they required many supporting items like tripod stand, prism stand, and prism pole.

There are many types of prism ( reflector )

1. single prism system: The prism having only one  prism system is know as single prism system

2. Third prism System : The prism having three prism set which as better accuracy for long distance measurement .

TRIPOD is mage of metal as well as wood and very essential for the use of total station .

TRIPOD 

       

single prism with prism rod and prism stand

The temporary adjustment or Setup of Total station :

Step 1  Tripod Stand Adjustment

Tripod legs should be equally spaced and head of stand is approximately leveling and centering over survey point is done. 

Step 2 Mount Instrument on Tripod

 Place Instrument on stand, secure with centering screw while bracing the instrument with the other hand.

Step 3 Focus on Survey Point

Focus the optical Plummet on the Survey Point on the survey point.

Step 4   Leveling the Instrument

Adjust the Leveling Foot Screws to Center the Survey Point in the Optical Plummet Reticent and Center the Bubble in the Circular level by adjusting the tripod legs. Then loosen the horizontal clamp and turn instrument until plate level is parallel to two of the leveling foot screws .center the bubble using the leveling screws the bubble moves toward the screw that is turned clockwise .rotate the instrument 90 degrees and level using the third leveling screw.

Step 5    electronically verify leveling:

Turn on the instrument by pressing “on” button .the opening screen will be the “means” screen. Select the [tilt] function, adjust center the electronic Bubble then rotate the instrument 90 degrees and repeat.

Step 6   Adjust image and reticent Focus

 Point telescope to target and adjust the focus ring until target is focused and move your head from side to side to test for image shift (parallax). Repeat the reticent

 focus step if parallax is significant.

Advantage of Total Station:

• Quick setting of the instrument and direct results can be obtain without any calculation .
• on-boars area computation programmer to computer the area of the field.
• Full GIS creation ( using software ) .
• Multiple survey can be Performed  at one set-up Location .
• Easy to perform Distance and Horizontal Measurements with Simultaneously Calculation of project coordinate.( Northing , Easting and Elevation ).
• Digital Design data Form CAD programs can be upload to Data Collector.
• Daily survey Information Can also be quickly download into cad which eliminate data manipulation time required conventional survey techniques.

Disadvantage of total station :

• The instrument is costly and conducting surveys using total station,skilled person Required .
• It may be difficult for the surveyor to took over and check while surveying .
• There is no any hard copy of data in the case of instrument is damage.
• Minor mistake can effect whole data for example we Enter prism constant +30 in the case of -30 then all the recorded  data has change.